Research Article
The Impact of Abattoir Effluent Discharge on Groundwater Quality in Potiskum Residential Area, Yobe State Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
1-9
Received:
1 January 2026
Accepted:
13 January 2026
Published:
30 January 2026
Abstract: Groundwater is the primary source of drinking and domestic water for many households in semi-urban communities in northern Nigeria. However, the siting of abattoirs within residential areas, combined with poor waste management practices, poses a serious threat to groundwater quality and public health. This study evaluated the impact of abattoir effluent discharge on groundwater quality in Potiskum Local Government Area, Yobe State, Nigeria. Three groundwater samples (A, B and C) were collected from wells and boreholes located 24.6 m, 47.8 m and 61.5 m, respectively, from the abattoir effluent discharge point. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed using standard methods recommended by the American Public Health Association and the World Health Organization. Results showed that most physicochemical parameters, including turbidity (0.1–1.7 NTU), total dissolved solids (<1.31mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (34.0–34.7mg/L), were within WHO permissible limits. However, pH values in samples B and C were slightly acidic, while biochemical oxygen demand (10.8–23.7mg/L) indicated significant organic pollution. Microbiological analysis revealed severe contamination, with coliform counts of >1600, 34 and 1100 MPN/100mL for samples A, B and C, respectively. Pathogenic bacteria including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in all samples. The findings demonstrate that abattoir effluent has significantly compromised groundwater quality in the study area, rendering it unsafe for domestic use without treatment. Improved effluent management, routine groundwater monitoring and enforcement of sanitation regulations are therefore essential to protect public health and ensure sustainable water resources.
Abstract: Groundwater is the primary source of drinking and domestic water for many households in semi-urban communities in northern Nigeria. However, the siting of abattoirs within residential areas, combined with poor waste management practices, poses a serious threat to groundwater quality and public health. This study evaluated the impact of abattoir eff...
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Research Article
Multivariate Assessment of Water Quality and Associated Health Risks: Integrating Indices to Uncover Pollution Patterns and Sources Around Dass Metropolitan Bauchi, Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
10-27
Received:
13 February 2026
Accepted:
9 March 2026
Published:
31 March 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.jher.20261201.12
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Abstract: This study assesses groundwater quality and associated health risks in Dass Metropolitan, Bauchi State, Nigeria, using hydro-chemical analysis, multivariate statistics, and health risk models. A total of fifty (50) groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. Thirty (30) samples were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, As), from which seventeen (17) representative samples with complete heavy metal data were selected for detailed evaluation using pollution indices and health risk assessment. Water Quality Index results indicate varying degrees of deterioration, with several locations classified as poor to unsuitable for drinking. Heavy metal concentrations, particularly Cd, Hg, and Pb, exceeded WHO guideline limits in multiple samples. Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment revealed hazard indices greater than one in several locations, indicating potential health concerns for local populations. Carcinogenic risk values were in the order of 10-3 under conservative assumptions (total chromium treated as hexavalent chromium), exceeding acceptable risk thresholds by two orders of magnitude. Principal Component Analysis extracted three components explaining 78.94% of total variance. The first component accounting for 41.80% represents anthropogenic salinity and nutrient enrichment from agricultural and domestic sources. The second component accounting for 24.80% reflects geogenic metal mobilization influenced by pH conditions. The third component accounting for 12.34% indicates lithology-controlled fluoride enrichment from basement rock weathering. The findings demonstrate combined anthropogenic and geogenic controls on groundwater quality and underscore the urgent need for regular monitoring and targeted mitigation strategies to protect public health.
Abstract: This study assesses groundwater quality and associated health risks in Dass Metropolitan, Bauchi State, Nigeria, using hydro-chemical analysis, multivariate statistics, and health risk models. A total of fifty (50) groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. Thirty (30) samples were analyzed for heavy metal conce...
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,
Yusuf Abdullahi
